Imperialism+Research+A

=Period 6 Imperialism Research= Smith, Bonnie G. (2000). //Imperialism : A History In Documents//. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. Networl Indonesia. Retrieved February 14, 2008, from Growth of the Dutch empire Web site: http://users.skynet.be/network.indonesia/ni4001c8.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialism http://www.michaelparenti.org/Imperialism101.html http://es.geocities.com/sucellus23/768.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish-American_War http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_imperialism English French Dutch started colonies for trade and to continue reproduction of raw materials like sugar

Portuguese decline in Asia was accelerated by the attacks on their commercial empire by the Dutch and the English, which began a global struggle over empire in Asia that lasted until the end of the [|Seven Years' War] in 1763. The Netherlands revolt against Spanish rule facilitated Dutch encroachment of the Portuguese monopoly over South and East Asian trade. The Dutch looked on Spain's trade and colonies as potential spoils in war. When the two crowns of the Iberian peninsula were joined in 1581, the Dutch felt free to attack Portuguese territories in Asia. By the 1590s, a number of Dutch companies were formed to finance trading expeditions in Asia. Because competition lowered their profits, and because of the doctrines of [|mercantilism], in 1602 the companies united into a [|cartel] and formed the [|Dutch East India Company], and received from the government the right to trade and colonize territory in the area stretching from the [|Cape of Good Hope] eastward to the [|Strait of Magellan]

During this period the VOC did go far toward establishing its commercial control in the Indies. It captured Malacca from the Portuguese (1641), confined the British, after a period of fierce rivalry, to a factory at Bencoolen in southwestern Sumatra, and established a network of factories in the eastern islands In 1704 Dutch forces assisted in replacing **Amangkurat III** with his uncle, **Pakubuwono I,** in return for which further territory was ceded. In this way almost all of Java gradually passed under Dutch control,In effect, the VOC replaced the sovereign of the royal court and, in so doing, inherited the existing structure of authority. An indigenous aristocracy administered the collection of tribute on behalf of the company, and only gradually was this system converted into a formalized bureaucracy. The VOC, like the royal court before it, drew revenue in the form of produce from the peasantry within its domain. VOC established company factories (trading posts) for the collection of produce, pressured individual rulers to do business solely with the company, controlled the sources of supply of particular products (clove production, for example, was limited to Ambon, nutmeg and mace to the Banda Islands) and, in the 18th century, pushed through a system of so-called forced deliveries and contingencies. Contingencies constituted a form of tax payable in kind in areas under the direct control of the company; forced deliveries were produce that native cultivators were compelled to grow and sell to the company at a set price.

On March 20, 1602, the representatives of the provinces of the Dutch republic, granted a the Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC) a monopoly on the trade in the East Indies. Its purpose was not only trade; the Compagnie also had to fight the enemies of the Republic and prevent other European nations to enter the East India trade. During its history of 200 years, the VOC became the largest company of its kind, trading spices like nutmeg, cloves, cinnamon and pepper, tea, silk and china porcelain**(use as my ending)**

The VOC traded throughout Asia. Ships coming into Batavia from the Netherlands carried silver from Spanish mines in Peru and supplies for VOC settlements in Asia. Silver, combined with copper from Japan, was used to trade with India and China for textiles. These products, such as cotton, silk and ceramics, were either traded within Asia for the coveted spices or brought back to Europe. The VOC was also instrumental in introducing European ideas and technology to Asia. The Company supported Christian missionaries and traded modern technology with China and Japan. A more peaceful VOC trade post on [|Dejima], an [|artificial island] off the coast of [|Nagasaki], was for many decades the only place where Europeans were permitted to trade with [|Japan].[|[11]] In [|1640], the VOC obtained the port of [|Galle], [|Sri Lanka], from the [|Portuguese] and broke the latter's monopoly of the [|cinnamon] trade. In [|1658], Gerard Hulft laid siege to [|Colombo] In [|1652], [|Jan van Riebeeck] established an outpost at the [|Cape of Good Hope] to re-supply VOC ships on their journey to East Asia. This post later became a fully-fledged colony, the [|Cape Colony], VOC outposts were also established in [|Persia] (now [|Iran]), [|Bengal] (now [|Bangladesh], but then part of [|India]), [|Malacca] (Melaka, now in [|Malaysia]), Siam (now [|Thailand]), mainland [|China] ([|Canton]), Formosa (now [|Taiwan]) and southern India.**
 * backed by a force of nineteen ships, stormed Jayakarta driving out the Banten forces, and from the ashes, established [|Batavia] as the VOC headquarters. In the 1620s, almost the entire native population of [|Banda Islands], the source of [|nutmeg] was deported, driven away, starved to death or killed in an attempt to replace them with Dutch colonial slave labour.(when talking about people dying in video say now isnt that delightful)


 * Imperialism** has two meanings, one describing an action and the other describing an attitude. Most commonly it is understood in relation to [|Empire] building, as the forceful extension of a nation's authority by [|territorial] conquest establishing [|economic] and [|political] domination of other nations. In its second meaning the term describes the imperialistic attitude of superiority, subordination and dominion over foreign peoples. Imperialism is often [|autocratic], e.g. in early 20th century [|Japan],[|[2]] and sometimes [|monolithic]

- IMPERIALISM IS THE EXTENSION OF SOVEREIGNTY OR CONTROL BY ONE PEOPLE OVER ANOTHER. - IT WAS MOSTLY DORMANT IN THE WEST DURING MOST OF THE MIDDLE AGES. - IT FLOURISHED DURING THE AGE OF EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY (1450-1650), PARTICULARLY IN THE AMERICAS AND PARTS OF ASIA. - A GENERAL DECLINE OCCURRED IN IMPERIALISM DURING THE AGE OF METTERNICH, WITH GOVERNMENTS CONCENTRATING PRIMARILY ON INTERNAL PROBLEMS. - THE REVIVAL OF IMPERIALISM - THE "NEW IMPERIALISM" TOOK PLACE BETWEEN 1870 AND 1914. - REASONS FOR THE "NEW IMPERIALISM": - ECONOMICS WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE FACTOR IN THIS "NEW IMPERIALISM." MUCH OF THIS ECONOMIC EMPHASIS WAS BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, WHICH CREATED LARGE SURPLUSES OF EUROPEAN CAPITAL AND HEAVY DEMANDS FOR RAW MATERIALS. ADDITIONALLY, IT BROUGHT ABOUT THE ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL IN THE MAJOR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WHICH SOUGHT INVESTMENT ABROAD. - NATIONALISM WAS ANOTHER POWERFUL FACTOR. SOCIAL DARWINISM, WITH ITS CONCEPT OF "SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST" AND THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE "WHITE MAN'S BURDEN" MADE POPULAR BY THE ENGLISHMAN RUDYARD KIPLING CONTRIBUTED TO THE SPIRIT OF NATIONALISM IN EXTENDING COLONIALISM. THERE WAS ALSO POLITICAL PRESTIGE IN HAVING COLONIES AS IMPERIALISM BECAME A RACE TO ACQUIRE MORE IN THE SPIRIT OF NATIONALISM. - A THIRD REASON FOR THIS "NEW" IMPERIALISM WAS MILITARY. MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS IN EACH MAJOR COUNTRY WIELDED GREAT POLITICAL POWER, AND THEY EMPHASIZED THE NEED, WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE GOVERNMENTS, OF CONTROLLING STRATEGIC AREAS AND ESTABLISHING KEY MILITARY BASES. - A FOURTH REASON WAS HUMANITARIAN/RELIGIOUS, WHICH OFTEN BECAME INTERTWINED WITH NATIONALISM. - THE RANKING OF COUNTRIES THAT MADE THE LARGEST ADDITION TO THEIR COLONIAL DOMAINS DURING THE "NEW IMPERIALISM" WERE:
 * 1) 1 - ENGLAND
 * 2) 2 - FRANCE
 * 3) 3 - GERMANY
 * 4) 4 - BELGIUM
 * 5) 5 - PORTUGAL
 * 6) 6 - NETHERLANDS