Glorious+Revolution+-+Rule+of+William+and+Mary

Chris Czyryca k.czyryca@gmail.com Jake Gregory jakegregory23@gmail.com

media type="custom" key="4952889" James II took the throne in 1685 He and Parliment often did not agree William's invasion was encouraged by James's allying with Catholic France and the arrest of 7 archbishops for being Protestant in 1688 William's invasion was greatly helped by the people of England, who provided his army with food and shelter. James was captured while trying to escape from England and agreed to be exiled to France because he had no support or chance of victory.

William of Orange and Mary came to power in 1689 after the overthrow of James II. James II had spent most of his time on the throne persecuting and brutally executing protestants. The battle of Sedgemonre took place between protestant rebels and William, a Dutch Protestant prince that came to England because the common people invited his wife to seize the throne from James II, who was turning England Catholic. Mary II was the first daughter of James II and therefore had a legitimate claim to the throne of England. King James II was dethroned in a smooth, unambiguous process after a disastrous reign that only lasted four years, and the new monarchs stepped in. They accepted the throne under the conditions that they would first agree to a Bill of Rights, which made sure that Parliament would always have power. The Bill of Rights didn't really give anyone rights; it limited the power of each section of government so that no rights could ever be taken away.

James's armies consisted of English, Irish. Scotish, and French people. William had an army that originated from 11 different countries. The Battle of the Boyne was fought on July 10, 1690. The battle took place around the Boyne River, in Ireland. It is the most famous battle in Irish history, and the most famous battle in the war. William III was victorious and the victory is celebrated on the 12th of July by Protestants. The holiday celebrates the day Protestantism stopped the religious persecution of their faith by the Catholic Church. The battle of Aughrim ended the war in 1691.

Parliament wanted Mary to rule alone, but she wouldn't because she loved her husband. However, William focused on his Dutch estate and the religious feuds of continental Europe, which made Mary the only effective ruler in England anyway. This marked the start of a new line of English monarchs. They were crowned king and queen on April 11, 1689. "Jacobite uprisings" broke out after they were crowned in Ireland and in Scotland. They were separate rebellions with the goal of bringing James II back to power.

William invaded on November 3, 1688, and James fled in December 1688. James's armies continued to fight for the Catholic cause.

William of Orange Dutch Calvinist Protestant Also known as William III Tried to spread Protestantism while reducing the influence of Catholisism in France and Spain Had a long-lasting affair with Elizabeth Villiers, one of Mary's ladies-in-waiting Died in March of 1702 because of injuries and infections resulting from being thrown off his horse. He died of pneumonia. A lady in waiting is a personal assistant that helps a queen, a princess, or a noblewoman. The lady-in-waiting acts like a servant, but is not considered one because she often is a noblewoman herself. William was the king of England, Ireland, Scotland, and the head of state for the Netherlands at the same time. He was multilingual and spoke English, French, Dutch, German, Latin, and Spanish He turned down the initial invitation to invade England because he wanted a formal invitation for Parliament. He got it. The seven people who invited him formally to invade are known as the "Immortal Seven" He encouraged religious tolerance, but Catholics were persecuted during and after the war anyway. Mary II Mary II was James II's daughter. Mary died of smallpox in 1694 at the age of 32 She didn't like her husband at first, but later grew to love him. She was 12 years younger than him. Mary was loved by England, William and England were indifferent to each other.

The reign of Mary II and William III marked the end of divine right.  **Glorious Revolution****. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved November 27, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online:**[] "Britannia: Monarchs of Britain." //Britannia: British History and Travel//. Britannia.com, LLC, n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2009.  http://www.historystudycenter.com/search/displayMultiResultStudyunitItem.do?Multi=yes&ResultsID=1244EC24B83&fromPage=search&ItemNumber=1&QueryName=studyunit http://www.essortment.com/all/whowasprincew_rlbt.htm