Napoleonic+Wars+-+The+Congress+of+Vienna

Richie Wismer rwismer@gmail.com

Bryan Royster b_roy44@yahoo.com

jacob zohdi candfzohdi@verizon.net

media type="custom" key="4977749" =**Information:**=
 * was an attempt to stabilize Europe after the previous 20 years of war
 * it was a reaction to years of chaos resulting from the Napoleonic and French revolutionary wars
 * the congress of vienna was controlled at the beginning by the four powers of the victorious allied coalition that had defeated Napoleon: Britain, Prussia, Russia, and Austria
 * Powers of England, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed alliance with Treaty of Chaumont on March 9, 1814
 * the major states discussed key issues such as distribution of power and land, and the lesser states discussed issues such as navigation rights and attended lavish receptions held by the Austrian government
 * Gathering of the four European powers that defeated Napoleon. Wanted to balance power of Europe to prevent imperialism.
 * Prussian boundaries were expanded westward to confront the French with a greater power on their eastern border.
 * adopted a fair policy of no great rewards and no great punishments
 * Clemens Metternich: influential person in congress of vienna- he was the **host**
 * Austrian statesman who promoted links with France after the Habsburg defeat at the battle of Wagram
 * most states in Europe were represented
 * agreed at the first Treaty of Paris in 1814, a congress of the Great Powers of Europe met at Vienna to settle the future boundaries of the continent.
 * The emperors of Austria and Russia, the kings of Prussia, Denmark, Bavaria and Württemberg and many German princes including the Elector of Hesse, the Grand Duke of Baden and the dukes of Saxe-Weimar, Brunswick and Coburg, attended in person.
 * The major points of friction occurred over the disposition of Poland and Saxony, the conflicting claims of Sweden, Denmark, and Russia, and the adjustment of the borders of the German states. In general, Russia and Prussia were opposed by Austria, France, and England, which at one point (Jan. 3, 1815) went so far as to conclude a secret treaty of defensive alliance.
 *  its disregard of nationalism led to disputes and revolutions within a generation of its signing.
 * austria: represented by metternich
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">prussia: rep. by Hardenberg and von Humbolt
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">russia: rep. by Nesselrode and Rasoumoffski
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">great britain: rep. by Castlereagh, Britain's most prominent foreign secretary, and later Wellington
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">france: rep. by Talleyrand and Dalberg
 * **Results of Meeting (click link for map of Europe after Congress of Vienna- http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wggerman/map/vienna1815.htm)**
 * Russia
 * *** recieved territory of Warsaw**
 * **retained Finland**
 * **retained Bessarabia**

- <span class="owner" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">compensated by Lombardy and Venice and also got back most of Tirol ** - France was deprived of all territory seized under rule of Napolean and was restored under the control of Luis XVIII - A single kingdom of Netherlands was formed from the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands - Norway and Sweden were united under a single ruler - Switzerland was declared neutral - Russia obtained effective control of the new kingdom of Poland - Prussia was given parts of Westphalia, and the Rhine province - Austria was returned most of the territory lost during the war plus parts of Germany and Italy - Britain gained vital control of the seas and strategic colonial territories - Spain was restored under the control of Ferdinand VII
 * **Great Britain retained:**
 * **malta**
 * **heligoland**
 * **semi-control of Ionian Isles**
 * **Mauritius, Tobago and Santa Lucia from France**
 * **Ceylon and the Cape of Good Hope from Holland**
 * **trinidad from spain**
 * **Prussia**
 * **recieved half of saxony**
 * **territory of Berg**
 * **recieved Thorn from Russia**
 * **obtained Swedish Pomerania**
 * **Austria**
 * - Regained Galicia from Russia in exchange for Poland
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px;">the changes made by the Congress of Vienna lasted for over 40 years
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px;">Vienna= the capital of the austrian empire
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px;">Britain considered to have benefitted most from the congress: won dominance over shipping routes all around the globe, which set up Britain’s remarkable expansion in the nineteenth century
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px;">Congress dissolved after the signing of the Final Act, 9 June 1815
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px;">With his armies defeated Napoleon Bonaparte resigned as emperor of France on 11 April 1814
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px;"> went into exile on the Mediterranean island of Elba
 * To meet the goal of reestablishing a balance between the European countries, which was successful, many important decisions were made
 * To meet the goal of reestablishing a balance between the European countries, which was successful, many important decisions were made
 * The throne of the King of Saxony have seen to be forfeited, as the king did not abandon Napoleon soon enough.
 * Initially The Russians and Prussians proposed a deal in which much of the partitions of Poland would go to Russia, forming a Poland Kingdom with direct union with Russia
 * Prussia would gain all of Saxony
 * Before it did not go through, the disproving Austria, France, and Britain signed a secret treaty where they agreed, if necessary, they would go to war to prevent the plan from happening
 * With regard to The Final Act, the Portuguese wanted back the Providence of Olivenca which it had lost to Spain. The European powers acknowledged Portugal's right, however Spain was reluctant in signing the Final Act with this new addition. Spain eventually went through with it, however the control of Olivenca and the surrounding territory was never returned to Portuguese control
 * The Congress of Vienna changed the borders of countries without considering the wishes of the people living in the countries for instance, Belgium and The Netherlands were united despite of their different customs and laguages.

=Sources:= http://www.victorianweb.org/history/forpol/vienna.html [] [] [|http://warandgame.wordpress.com/2008/06/28/congress-of-vienna] **<span class="IL_SPAN">Congress of Vienna **. (2009). In //Encyclopædia Britannica//. Retrieved November 16, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online:[] World Book-Childcraft international, Inc. . (1982).Vienna, Congress of, //World book encyclopediaU-V//. U.S.A: World Book-Childcraft International, Inc.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; white-space: pre;">http://www.historycentral.com/WH1400-1900/Europe/Europe/CongofVienna.html

= References = <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> Bloy, M. (2002, April 30). The congress of vienna, 1 November 1814 — 8 June 1815. In //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Victorian Web //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> [fact sheet]. Retrieved from National University of Singapore website: http:/www.victorianweb.org/history/forpol/vienna.html

//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Congress of Vienna //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> [fact sheet]. (n.d.). Retrieved from <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Congress of Vienna. (2009). In //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Encyclopædia Britannica // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">. Retrieved November 16, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica

Congress of vienna. (2007). //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">War and game //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">. Retrieved from http://warandgame.wordpress.com/2008/06/28/congress-of-vienna

The foreign policy of Castlereagh and Canning, 1812-1830. (n.d.). History study center. Retrieved from History Study Center database.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">

//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Historycentral.com: History’s home on the web //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> [fact sheet]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http:/www.historycentral.com/WH1400-1900/Europe/Europe/CongofVienna.html

//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">History of the napoleonic wars: Congress of vienna //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">. (n.d.). Retrieved from History World website: http:/www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?gtrack=pthc&ParagraphID=mic

//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">World Book-Childcraft international, Inc. . (1982).Vienna, Congress of, // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">  //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">World book encyclopediaU-V. U.S.A: World Book-Childcraft International, Inc. // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">