Nat6

media type="youtube" key="BRgzbsdFwHE" height="505" width="640"

Guys. I took that paper we did in class and Ryan and I finished up our script. I dont know what we should do with all the videos and pictures you guys found but I guese you could save them to something because we won't be able to get them at our school, youtube and other sites are blocked.

Video:

Screenplay: **(The following is a collaboration of all 4 of us. However we had just two people post and Ben and I are finding the videos as is Ryan).**

We are going to take videos and picters off the internet and put them together in one video. We will alos take some slides and put them in various places durring the video. While the final video is playing our group will take turns reading from our script and diffrent points in our video.

Nationalism is the devotion and loyalty to one's own nation; patriotism. Nationalism in the 18 centery was influenced majorly by the French Revolution and Napolians rule. Befor this time the people of France were argry with there goverment and wanted self-rule and restoration of there customs and traditions. Because of this the people of France adopted nationalism. This new found nationalism helped the people stir up revolts and challange the upperclass. After France destroied its monarcky, Napolian took power a few years later.

====One of the main reasons nationalism continued to grow in the 19th century is because national governments and politicians responded effectively to many of the political demands and social needs of the people. The increasing elimination of extremes of European socialists showed how much the people appealed nationalism. Nationalism caused a shift to occur in the balance of political power, which greatly affected the people.====

Another video that will hopefully be used in the video comes from //Casablanca// : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iYbEPZVVIA
Research:



-Between 1850 and 1914, strong nation-states developed which won the enthusiastic support of all the social classes,caused a shift in the balance of international political power, and pulled the masses away from the socialist doctrine of class war.

-Napoleon III of France played a pioneering role in this triumph of nationalism. His mild dictatorship, which came into being illegally and which lasted from 1852 to 1870, showed how the national state and its programs could appeal to rich and poor, conservative and radical. In this way, the nationals state became a way of coping with the challenge of rapid political and economic change.

-In Italy, Count Cavour, the moderate nationalist leader of the kingdom of Sardinia, managed to unify most of Italy in 1860 into a single political state that was far from radical in social and economic matters. Shortly thereafter, in 1862, Otto von Bismarck became chief minister of Prussia.

- A master of power politics, Bismarck skillfully fought three wars to unify the states of Germany into a single nation under Prussian leadership. In doing so, Bismarck strengthened German nationalism and gave it a conservative and anti-liberal thrust. In the United States competing national aspirations led to bitter civil war. -Nationalism continued to grow in strength in the emerging urban society of the late nineteenth century. This was because national governments and politicians responded effectively to many of the political demands and social needs of the people. Throughout most of Europe socialists and socialist political parties looked increasingly toward unions and parliaments for continued gradual improvement. They paid only lip service to the idea of radical, violent revolution and class war. The growing moderation of European socialists reflected the great appeal of nationalism for the masses. Only in multinational states, most notably the Austro-Hungarian Empire, did the growth of competing nationalisms promote fragmentation as opposed to unity.

Nationalism was the most successful political force of the 19th century. It emerged from two main sources: the Romantic exaltation of "feeling" and "identity" [see Herder above all on this] and the Liberal requirement that a //legitimate// state be based on a "people" rather than, for example, a dynasty, God, or imperial domination. Both Romantic "identity nationalism" and Liberal "civic nationalism" were essentially middle class movements. There were two main ways of exemplification: the French method of "inclusion" - essentially that anyone who accepted loyalty to the civil French state was a "citizen". In practice this meant the enforcement of a considerable degree of uniformity, for instance the destruction of regional languages. The US can be seen to have, eventually, adopted this ideal of civic inclusive nationalism. The German method, required by political circumstances, was todefine the "nation" in ethnic terms. Ethnicity in practice came down to speaking German and (perhaps) having a German name. For the largely German-speaking Slavic middle classes of Prague, Agram etc. who took up the nationalist ideal, the ethnic aspect became //even more important// than it had been for the Germans. It is debateable whether, in practice, all nationalisms ended up as Chauvinistic and aggressive, but the very nature of nationalism //requires that boundaries be drawn//. Unless these boundaries are purely civic, successful nationalism, in many cases produced a situation in which substantial groups of outsiders were left within "nation-states". http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook17.html

Specific examples of nationalism are extremely diverse since many types, forms, and origins exist. The theory of nationalism has always been complicated by this background, and by the intrusion of nationalist ideology into the theory. There are also national differences in the theory of nationalism, since people define nationalism on the basis of their local experience. Theory (and media coverage) may overemphasize conflicting nationalist movements, and war - diverting attention from many general theoretical issues; for instance, the characteristics of nation-states. 
 * A fixed homeland (current or historical)
 * High autonomy
 * Hostile surroundings
 * Memories of battles
 * Sacred centers
 * Languages and scripts
 * Special customs
 * Historical records and thinking

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism

 
 * Napoleon won election as President of the 2nd French Republic because of his successful appeal to Frenchmen regardless of class. That same nationalistic appeal won him the support for his seizure of power and establishment of the 2nd Empire. His popularity was further enhanced by the public works program which made the city of Paris into a city about which the French people could feel proud **
 * He also benefitted from the return of prosperity in the 1850's. Prosperous conditions were enhanced by the activities and wealth being generated by the industrial revolution which entered into a new dynamic phase after mid-century. **
 * During the 1860's, Napoleon allowed the French Assembly increasing influence. France was slowly evolving in a liberal direction. Napoleon's popularity was, however, gradually eroded by foreign involvements. **
 * He brought France into involvement with Russia in the Crimean War (1853-1856). While French nationalism motivated France to be a self-appointed protector of the Roman Catholic Church and Christian shrines in Palestine, Russian nationalism motivated the Russians to be the self- appointed protectors of the Christian Orthodox interests there. Although part of the Ottoman Empire, the Turks were becoming too weak to maintain their own control against the pressure of European powers. **
 * Meanwhile, England opposed the expansion of Russian influence into the eastern Mediterranean and gave support to the Turks in standing against Russia. England's connection with India went through the Mediterranean and the isthmus of Suez. War developed from these tensions, with England allied with France against Russia. The Kingdom of Piedmont, a small Italian state, joined on the side of the French in order to improve relations with neighboring France. **
 * The fact that the Crimean War was fought entirely on the Crimean peninsula, Russian territory, is revealing. In part, it was because there was no common border between the belligerents. But it also demonstrated the ability of the English and French to project their power 2000 miles to the east, while Russia had difficulty maintaining its internal lines of transportation. The Crimean War revealed to the Russian leadership their lack of industrial development and how this detracted from their status as a great power. **
 * The Kingdom of Piedmont had become a constitutional monarchy as a result of the Revolution of 1848. Its prime minister, Cavour, persuaded Napoleon III to agree to a secret treaty of alliance with Piedmont. Cavour then provoked Austria into war, and the French intervened on the side of Piedmont. The Franco-Austrian War of 1859 involved bloody fighting in northern Italy. Before the Austrians had been defeated, Napoleon withdrew from the war unilaterally. This enabled Austria to recoup some its losses, in particular the province of Venetia. However, the war had encouraged Italians to rise up against the Austrians in northern Italy and to achieve independence for many of the northern Italian states. They accepted unification under the government of Piedmont. **
 * During the period 1850 to 1871, the nation-state achieved its mature status in Europe. Nationalism clearly became the principal basis for the organization of western civilization. This fact had earlier been demonstrated in England and in France during the course of their political revolutions. In this period, it became manifest throughout Europe. **
 * Nationalism is a primary motivating element which determines the course of events in: **
 * France during the regime of Napoleon III, **
 * Italy where unification is achieved, **
 * Germany where unification is achieved, **
 * Russia where important steps towards modernization are taken, and **
 * the United States which experiences the Civil War, a war to preserve the **
 * union. **

[style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Nationalism is a sense of identity with the nation. It is similar to tribalism, and like the family, is held together by a sense of kinship. Liah Greenfeld, Professor of Sociology at Boston University has defined nationalism as "an image of a social order, which involves the people as a sovereign elite and a community of equals". The original use of the term nationalism refers to elite groups, but in modern useage it refers usually to a very large group, sometimes as large as an empire.**]
 * Nationalism is a sense of identity with the nation. It is similar to tribalism, and like the family, is held together by a sense of kinship. Liah Greenfeld, Professor of Sociology at Boston University has defined nationalism as "an image of a social order, which involves the people as a sovereign elite and a community of equals". The original use of the term nationalism refers to elite groups, but in modern useage it refers usually to a very large group, sometimes as large as an empire. **
 * A nation differs from a tribe in that it is larger. The greater literacy, and the improved communications and transportation rendered by industrialization make the nation possible.**
 * The nation is unlike an empire, which is held together by military force, by police, sometimes by religion as with a god-king. The relationship between the members of an empire is an unequal relationship between the ruler and the subject.**
 * The relationship of the members of a nation is, theoretically, an equal relationship between citizens. It develops differently in different national communities under different historical circumstances.**
 * According to Professor Liah Greenfeld, nationalism may be collectivistic or individualistic depending upon whether or not the community or the individual is considered to be more important. A collectivistic nationalism tends to be authoritarian. An individualistic nationalism tends to be liberal.**
 * Also, nationalism may be either ethnic or civic. Ethnic nationalism must also be collectivistic because it is based upon blood or race or ethnic group. Civic nationalism is usually individualistic, but it can be collectivistic.**
 * England and the United States are examples of civic, individualistic nationalisms. France is an example of a civic, collectivistic nationalism. Germany and Russia are examples of ethnic, collectivistic nationalisms.**
 * http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/westn/nationalism.html**

Nationalism is a complex phenomenon with many strains, some of them mutually contradictory.

-During the French revolution and Napoleonic periods it had a lot to do with what we now think of a patriotism. Prior to this time, kings and lords didn't, by and large, give a damn what language their subjects spoke. They just wanted the taxes, military service, etc. And the people were pretty unconcerned about politics. Their opinions were certainly not welcome. They had little do do with the larger state. They just had to pay rents and taxes. Military service was rarely a factor except for the nobility. This changed with the French revolution and Napoleon. With the dynasty abolished, the commonality of language and culture was more important. Politics, for everyone, became vitally important The levee en mass made military service the duty of most citizens, and you weren't fighting for your king, but for your fatherland.

This new principal spread quickly. People developed patriotic feelings in Poland, Germany, Hungary, etc. As most of Europe was organized into Empires, nationalism came into conflict with the prevailing political order. Nationalism became a means of struggle against the Empire, whether Austrian, Russian, or Ottoman.

In regions without an Empire, notably Germany and Italy, it became a force for nation-state formation. Language and culture seemed more important than the petty local dynasties.

By the 2nd half of the 19th century, the European empires began to accommodate to nationalism and use it to their advantage. The Austrian Empire embraced Hungarian nationalism, made Magyars socially equal to Germans and gave them big regions of the empire to rule, turning Hungarian nationalism into Austro-Hungarian imperialism. Prussians used German patriotism outside Prussia to promote its plan for German unification while at the same time suppressing non-German nationalist sentiment in its eastern territories.

By the 1870s, this trend was well underway and was extending into pan-nationalisms. Russians developed sympathy for South Slavs in the Balkans living under Turkish or Austrian rule. This turned out to have considerable appeal domestically, especially among the educated classes. The idea developed of a pan-Slav union, under Russian leadership of course, that would free the Balkans from the oppressive rule of Turks and Germans. There was also pan-Germanism and pan-Turanism (Turks). So by the end of the century you have the empires pushing nationalist sentiment to advance imperial agendas, and you have the public largely eating it up, because it has this nationalist, patriotic veneer.

The same dynamic supports colonialism. 19th century Europeans actually thought they were helping the colonies they were acquiring. And it was considered infinitely better for the native population to be civilized by one's own nation, with its superior language culture and history, rather than that of a rival power.

Book sources ---

New book source: Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in America : The term "New Nationalism" emerged in the United States during the late Progressive Era as part of a larger debate over the proper role of the federal government in the private economy. At the time, large numbers of Americans were afraid that the rise of such large corporations as Standard Oil Company...

http://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1693748.html The end of the Eighteenth century had seen revolutions in the name of freedom and equality in the New World as well as in France. While the new United States continued to wend its way Westward under basically democratic principles, France's revolution essentially replace a rotten hereditary monarchy for militarism, under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte. At the beginning of the century, Germany was not a united nation, but a conglomeration of duchies and principalities, perhaps with a common purpose, and a common language and culture, but separated politically. The idea that, following the uprising at the Bastille and the long march through Europe into Russia, south into Italy and Egypt supposedly heralded the age of the Common Man. Of course, no such thing was possible. "The fortunes of war had restored the monarchies and aristocracies to political control, but the economic power, at least within the society of western Europe, was slowly passing into the hands of the bourgeoisie" (Artz, 1934, p. 23). This was most easily accomplished in Napoleonic and post-Napoleonic times in France, because there was not the concept of "gemutlichkleit"- a sort of smug self-satisfaction with the status quo that seemed to pervade Germany. Until the militaris von Bismarck attained power in what became a united Germany following the Franco-Prussian war of 1870, the Germans were seemingly not concerned with anything more than some sort of economic power over their part of Europe- mos

Textbook - The people of france wanted self-rule and restoration of their customs and traditions so they adapted Nationalism witch helped them stir revolts agaisnt the upper class. A dedicated group of Germans and Italians hoped to unify the territories in Europe this desire was known as nationalism and became one of the most powerful forces at work in Europe during the 1800's