Robespierre09

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Maximilien Robespierre was born on May 6, 1758 in Arras, France. He later became one of the most influential figures of the French Revolution. At an early age he showed to be very bright as he distinguished himself in school, later becoming a lawyer. When he was only eight years old, knowing how to read and write, Robespierre attended middle school. When he was 11, he attended one of the most demanding secondary schools in Paris under recommendation of the bishop. There he studied the Roman Empire, the form of rhetoric, and other classic figures. During this time he adopted principles of, and was intrigued by, the idea of a virtuous self, meaning, “a man who stands alone accompanied only by his conscience.”

After he completed his law study, he was appointed to the Arras bar, followed by admission from the bishop as the criminal judge in the Diocese of Arras. He soon resigned to avoid giving death sentences, and became an advocate to represent the poor, while still working in the bar. Having interested and involved with society, a year later he was elected as a member of the Academy of Arras. Five years later he took part in a discussion about how the French provincial government should be elected, as well as other issues that lead to his legibility to run for the Deputy of the Third Estate. He was elected into the assembly, alongside rivals within the corporation. He soon began working on making his mark in politics with the beginning of a campain, which secured his support of the country electors to run for the Fifth Deputy of the Third Estate of Artois to the Estates-General. Soon after in his time leading the left portion of the Assembly, he made many friends including intelligent artisans and small shopkeepers, which then dominated the Jacobin Club. Robespierre continued becoming ever more popular and powerful in politics, moving even closer to the Assembly. The dissolution of the Assembly, soon after, resulted in Robespierre being honored as an incorruptible patriot noted for his purity and morals with regard to politics. After visiting Arras, he returned there, where he was named The Prosecutor of Paris.

In 1792 France was threatened of invasion by a mix of the main Austria, Prussia, and outside French forces, lead by the Duke of Brunswick. After resigning from the post as prosecutor of France the same year, the Girondist Party, who had before urged a declaration of war with Austria, accused Robespierre of wanting to form a dictatorship at a Convention called by Robespierre, as First Deputy to Paris. Later that year, Robespierre came to accuse Louis the 16th of treason and betraying the people of France, when he tried to flee the country. Being opposed to the death sentence he argued that if it was necessary to sacrifice one to save the Revolution, there was no alternative.

The next year, in 1793, Robespierre saw the Girondists as a division in the country. With help from the Comune of Paris, he worked towards the inevitable expulsion of the Girondists from the National Convent. With increasing food riots, and devastating corruption within the once thought patriots, France was in turmoil. Robespierre, determined to restore the peace within France, ruthlessly proceeded to eliminate any who were labeled anti-revolutionary, extremist or moderate. The new policy of Robespierre led to the Reign of Terror, a time he considered to discover and reveal the enemy of Paris and France, who hid in the apparent patriotism. Though Robespierre’s aims from a revolutionary perspective were just, the means of carrying out his plans were not. An investigation was later carried out to find where the political loyalties of the people were, where a witness could no longer be called in defense for tribunals. 1,300 people were executed by guillotine within one and a half months. As a result many influential members of the Convention, and Jacobin Club, feared for their lives, thus a conspiracy was formed to remove Robespierre.

Then, on July 27th, Robespierre, along with several of his supporters, were accused of tyranny and placed under arrest. However, shortly after his arrest many soldiers loyal to Robespierre ordered the National Guard to recapture him, which, in brief battle, resulted in a misfire wound to his jaw. The next day Robespierre along with supporters and nineteen others were executed, followed by the execution of 80 more followers the next day. After his death, power was returned to the conservatives from the Jacobins, and freedom to worship was reinstated in early 1795.

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Maximilien Robespierre, full name Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre, was born on May 6 1758 in Arras, France, later became one of the most influential figures of the French Revolution. He was born into a line of lawyers through his father and grandfather, along with three other siblings, him being the eldest of the four. His mother died in childbirth when he was 6 and when he was 19 his father also died leaving him in the care of his grandfather and aunts. At an early age he showed to be very bright as he distinguished himself in school, to later become a lawyer. When he was only eight years old, knowing how to read and write, attended middle school, and when he was 11 he attended one of the most demanding secondary schools in Paris under recommendation of the bishop. There he studied the Roman Empire, the form of rhetoric, and other classic figures. IN this time he adopted principles of and was intrigued by the idea of a virtuous self, “a man who stands alone accompanied only by his conscience.” Finally when he was 17 he was selected among 500 pupils to deliver a speech to welcome the king, which he later would work towards the execution of.

After he completed his study law, he was appointed to the Arras bar, followed by admit as the criminal judge in the Diocese of Arras by the bishop. He soon resigned to avoid giving the death sentence, and became an advocate to represent the poor, while still working in the bar. Becoming interested and involved with society, a year later he was elected as a member of the academy of Arras. He became known for his writings, essays, and had growing popularity in the city. Five years later he took part in a discussion about how the French provincial government should be elected, as well as other issues that lead for him to be legible to run for the deputy of the Third Estate. He was elected into the assembly alongside of rivals within the corporation, where he soon began work on making his mark in politics with the Avis aux habitants de la campagne, which secured his support of the country electors to run for the fifth deputy of the Third Estate of Artois to the Estates-General. Robespierre increasingly became higher in command working in the Constituent Assembly, where he was a frequent speaker. Soon after in his time leading the left portion of the Assembly, he obtained many friends including intelligent artisans and small shopkeepers, which then dominated the Jacobin Club. Robespierre, still becoming more popular and powerful in politics, he moved closer to the Assembly. The dissolution of the Assembly, soon after, resulted in Robespierre being honored as an incorruptible patriot for his purity, and morals with regard to politics. After visiting Arras, he returned where he was named The Prosecutor of Paris.

After Louis the 16th sought In 1792 France was threatened of invasion by a mix of the main Austria, Prussia, and outside French forces. The leader of the group, the Duke of Brunswick, stated that all French men that interfered with the advancement of his forces or anyone who harmed the royal family would be killed, and the land would be laid waste to. After resigning from the prosecutor of France the same year, the Girondist party, who had before urged declaration of war with Austria, accused Robespierre of wanting to form a dictatorship at a Convention called by Robespierre, as first deputy to Paris. Robespierre’s popularity and his heavily prepared speeches in his defense won him the case against him, while accusing the girondists of federalist plans. Later that year, Robespierre came to accuse Louis the 16th of treason and betraying the people of France, when he tried to flee the country. Being opposed to the death sentence from when he resigned from prosecutor of France, he argued that if it was necessary to sacrifice one to save the Revolution, there was no alternative.

The next year in 1793 Robespierre saw the Girondists as a division in the country, and with the backup of the Comune of Paris, he worked towards the inevitable expulsion of the girondists from the National Convent. With increasing food riots, and devastating corruption within the once thought patriots, France was in turmoil. Robespierre, determined to restore the peace and revolution to France, ruthlessly proceeded to eliminate any who were labeled anti-revolutionary, extremist or moderate. Two of the killed in these actions were high-end politicians, Danton and Hebert. The new policy of Robespierre led to the Reign of Terror, a time he considered to discover and reveal the enemy of Paris and France, who hid in the apparent patriotism. After the execution of Danton and Hebert, many groups of supporters were also suspected of planning a “coup d’etat” and were suspected of financial corruption with France. Though Robespierre’s aims from a revolutionary perspective were just, the means of carrying out his plans were not. An investigation was later carried out to find peoples political loyalties, where a witness could no longer be called in defense for tribunals, 1300 people were executed by guillotine within one and a half months. As a result many influential members of the Convention and Jacobin Club feared for the lives, thus a conspiracy was formed to remove Robespierre.

Then, on July 27th Robespierre, along with several of his supporters, was accused of tyranny, and was placed under arrest. However shortly after his arrest many soldiers loyal to Robespierre ordered the National Guard to recapture him, which resulted in a misfire wound to the jaw. The next day Robespierre along with supporters and nineteen others were executed, proceeded by the execution of 80 more followers the next day. After his death power was returned from the Jacobins to conservatives that reinstated freedom to worship in early 1795.


 * Work Cited**
 * World Book-Childcraft international, Inc. . (1982). ROBESPIERRE. //World book encyclopediaQ-R//. U.S.A: World Book-Childcraft International, Inc..
 * Hayes, B.J. (2002, October). //Maximilien Robespierre biography Reign of Terror - French revolution//. Retrieved from http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/comparative_religion.asp
 * BrainyMedia (2009, February 17). //Maximilien Robespierre Quotes//. Retrieved from http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/m/maximilien_robespierre.html
 * Wikipedia (2005). //Maximilien Robespierre// . Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre