King+Henry+VIII

[|waddellhenryVII.aup]Born June 28, 1491 in a royal palace at Greenwich. Scoured England for singing boys and men for the chapel royal. (**Henry VIII book**). Where do I start with Henry VIII. This man was very influential, very talented, diverse, unique, popular, and important to history. Like his father, he was caught in the transition from medieval England to renaissance England. Henry VIII was born in June 28, 1491 in a royal palace at Greenwich. He died in 1547. Even though this may not seem like a very long lifetime, he created many great things and did things most people of his time couldnt even think of doing. Henry VIII was crowned king at the prime of his life, just eighteen years old and physically magnificent with more enthusiasm and energy than most of his contemporaries. In his younger years, he was very athletic and playful, he had many friends, and excelled in many activities and sports like jousting, hunting, and "real tennis." Real tennis was the type of tennis played back then. It was played indoors. Henry also loved music. He wrote many of his own pieces of music and art. He scoured England for singing boys and men for the chapel royal. He was usually genial company. He enjoyed all physical activities and excelled at most of them. Hunting, archery, tennis, jousting - the king made his court into an endless round of competition and celebration. When many people think of Henry, they think of a heavy set man with a big red beard; but this wasnt the case in his younger days. Henry was very skinny with a muscular/athletic build. He became heavy after many years in power and the once-loved pastimes became bitter reminders of the ravages of time. Also, he was very intelligent and educated by private tutors hired by his father. Henry was very fluent in French, Spanish, and even Latin. Henry was supposed to be the heir to the church. His father was preparing him and he wanted to become head of the church, until something no one expected happened. In 1502, Arthur, Henrys older brother, died suddenly of sweating sickness. Arthur's death thrust all his duties upon his brother Henry, who then became Prince of Wales. Henry VII renewed his efforts to seal a marital alliance between England and Spain, by offering Henry, Prince of Wales, in marriage to Prince Arthur's widow, Catherine of Aragon. But before this Henry had already come into power, even at such a young age. In 1493, he was constable of Dover Castle and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, and in 1494, Duke of York. After his father's staunch, stolid rule, the energetic, youthful and handsome king avoided governing in person, much preferring to journey the countryside hunting and reviewing his subjects. One of which is Thomas Wolsey. Wolsey was Henrys favorite advisor. Wolsey basically ruled England because Henry normally didnt do much on his own. However, Wolsey lost most if not all of his power when he couldnt get the right for Henry to divorce his former wife to marry Anne Boleyn in 1533. This made Henry angry at the church because they would not allow him to divorce his wife, causing his eventual separation. The separation from the church: After his ordeal with Wolsey and the church, Henry wanted out. So Henry energetically split from the RCC (Roman Catholic Church) creating the Anglican Church. His break from Rome was accomplished through law, not social outcry; Henry, as the supreme head of the church of England, aknowledged this through slight alterations in worship, instead of reworking the religious dogma. England moved into an era of "conformity of mind" with the new royal supremacy. by 1536, all ecclesiastical and government were required to publicly approve of the break with Rome and take an oath of loyalty. Not only was he king of England, he was also King of Ireland and a claimant to the kingdom of France from 4/21/1509 to his death. Henry also gained land through his military. he conquered Boulonge, France in 1544, and sought to join Scotland with England through violence. but what most people know and remember Henry VII for is his 6 wives. his first wife was Catherine of Aragon. He divorced Caharine to marry Anne Boleyn in 1533, who gave him Elizabeth. but was eventually executed for infedelity in 1536. He married Jane Seymor within the same month of Annes death. she died in the same year, giving birh to his lone male heir, Edward. his fourth wife was Anne of Cleves in 1540, and then Catherine Howard, who was excecuted in 1542 for adultery. His final wife was catherine parr in 1543, who provided needs for him and his children until his death in 1547. Parr was the only one of Henry's wives to survive.
 * Was king of England, Lord of Ireland, later king of Ireland and a claimant to the kingdom of France from 4/21/1509 to his death.
 * Energetically suppressed the reformation of the rcc. His is mainly known for his struggles with Rome, eventually separating the Anglican Church from roman authority. Established the English monarch as the head of the Anglican church.
 * Some claim he became a Protestant on his death-bed, he advocated Catholic ceremony and doctrine throughout his life; royal backing of the English Reformation was left to his heirs, Edward VI and Elizabeth I. His daughter Mary I faught for papal authority over the church.
 * He also oversaw the legal union of England and Wales.
 * Married six times. Third child of Henry VIII and Elizabeth of York.
 * In 1493, he was constable of Dover Castle and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.
 * 1494, Duke of York
 * He was subsequently appointed Earl Marshal Of England and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
 * Fluent in Latin, French and Spanish
 * As it was expected that the throne would pass to Prince Arthur, Henry's older brother, Henry was prepared for a career in the Church
 * In 1502, Arthur died suddenly of sweating sickness. Arthur's death thrust all his duties upon his brother Henry, who then became Prince of Wales. Henry VII renewed his efforts to seal a marital alliance between England and Spain, by offering Henry, Prince of Wales, in marriage to Prince Arthur's widow, Catherine of Aragon.
 * avid gambler
 * excelled at jousting, hunting and real tennis.
 * accomplished musician/author/poet. Best work was Pastime with Good Company (**wikipedia.org**)
 * (**www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon41.html**)
 * The significance of Henry's reign is, at times, overshadowed by his six marriages
 * divorced Catherine to marry Anne Boleyn in 1533 who gave him Elizabeth, but was executed in 1536 for infidelity
 * married Jane Seymour within that same month who died giving birth to his lone male heir, Edward in October of 1536
 * 1540, married Anne of Cleves
 * In July 1540, he married the adulterous Catherine Howard - she was executed for infidelity in March 1542.
 * Catherine Parr became his wife in 1543, providing for the needs of both Henry and his children until his death in 1547.
 * After his father's staunch, stolid rule, the energetic, youthful and handsome king avoided governing in person, much preferring to journey the countryside hunting and reviewing his subjects.
 * Matters of state were left in the hands of others, most notably Thomas Wolsey
 * Wolsey virtually ruled England until his failure to secure the papal annulment that Henry needed to marry Anne Boleyn in 1533
 * Henry summoned the Reformation Parliament in 1529, which passed 137 statutes in seven years and exercised an influence in political and ecclesiastic affairs which was unknown to feudal parliaments.
 * The break from Rome was accomplished through law, not social outcry; Henry, as Supreme Head of the Church of England, acknowledged this by slight alterations in worship ritual instead of a wholesale reworking of religious dogma. England moved into an era of "conformity of mind" with the new royal supremacy (much akin to the absolutism of France's Louis XIV): by 1536, all ecclesiastical and government officials were required to publicly approve of the break with Rome and take an oath of loyalty.
 * **www.luminarium.org/renlit/tudorbio.htm**
 * only wife that survived was Queen Katherine Parr
 * Daughter Mary I is also known as "bloody mary"
 * He has been described as a "despot under the forms of law"; and it is apparently true that he committed no illegal act. His despotism consists not in any attempt to rule unconstitutionally, but in the extraordinary degree to which he was able to use constitutional means in the furtherance of his own personal ends.
 * His industry, his remarkable political insight, his lack of scruple, and his combined strength of will and subtlety of intellect enabled him to utilize all the forces which tended at that time towards strong government throughout western Europe.
 * henry could behead ministers and divorce wives with comparative impunity, because the individual appeared to be of little importance compared with the state.
 * he conquered Boulogne (1544) and sought by violence to bring Scotland into union with England.
 * development of the parliamentary system.
 * considered the possibility of a political and theological alliance with the Lutheran princes of Germany. But in 1538 he definitely rejected their theological terms, while in 1539-1540 they rejected his political proposals.
 * **englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/henry8.html**
 * Henry VIII, crowned king at the prime of his life, just eighteen years old and physically magnificent with more enthusiasm and energy than most of his contemporaries, became a conflicted and confused man
 * One should not see him as simply an ogre king who beheaded two wives, divorced two others, and rejected another in one of the most humiliating ways possible
 * Henry VIII didn't spend his declining years surrounded by slips of paper detailing the most minute occurrences in his realm. But he did spend his entire reign reading dispatches, scribbling notations, meeting with diplomats and politicians.
 * He was usually genial company. He loved music and wrote his own. He enjoyed dancing and entertainment. He held countless banquets and tournaments. He enjoyed all physical activities and excelled at most of them. Hunting, archery, tennis, jousting - the king made his court into an endless round of competition and celebration. When he grew older, these former pleasures became torments; like most former athletes, Henry became fat as he aged and the once-loved pastimes became bitter reminders of the ravages of time.
 * Like his father, he was caught in the transition from medieval England to renaissance England.
 * he died in 1547
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