Maximilien+Robespierre

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[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Robespierre.jpg/225px-Robespierre.jpg width="225" height="293" caption="Maximilien Robespierre"]]
=By: Yeah It's Tommy (in his dreams) =

=First Source:=   ==Wikipedia: (Citation) <span style="COLOR: rgb(235,86,86)">Maximilien Robespierre. (2008, September 29). In //Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia//. Retrieved 16:43, September 29, 2008, from   <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,47,255)">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Cite&page=Maximilien_Robespierre&id=241659305         == = = =Second Source:=
 * He studied at [|College of Louis-le-Grand] in [|Paris] and became a lawyer. His supporters called him "The Incorruptible." He was an influential member of the [|Committee of Public Safety] and was instrumental in the period of the Revolution commonly known as the [|Reign of Terror] that ended with his arrest and execution in 1794.
 * Politically, Robespierre was a disciple of [|Jean-Jacques Rousseau], among other Enlightenment //[|philosophes]//, and a capable articulator of the beliefs of the [|left-wing] [|bourgeoisie]. He was described as physically unimposing and immaculate in attire and personal manners.
 * His paternal grandfather, Maximilien de Robespierre, established himself in Arras as a lawyer. His father, Maximilien Barthélémy François de Robespierre, also a lawyer at Conseil d'Artois, married Jacqueline Marguerite Carrault, the daughter of a brewer, in 1758. Maximilien was the oldest of four children, and was conceived out of wedlock. To hide the deed as best they could, his father and mother had a rushed wedding (which the grandfather refused to attend). In 1764 Madame de Robespierre, as the name was then spelled, died in childbirth. Her husband left Arras and wandered around Europe until his death in [|Munich] in 1777, leaving the children to be raised by their maternal grandfather and aunts.
 * Maximilien attended the //collège// (middle school) of Arras when he was eight years old, already knowing how to read and write.[|[1]] In October of 1769, on the recommendation of the bishop, he obtained a scholarship at the [|Lycée Louis-le-Grand] in [|Paris]. Here he learned to admire the idealized [|Roman Republic] and the rhetoric of [|Cicero], [|Cato], and other classic figures. His fellow pupils included [|Camille Desmoulins] and [|Stanislas Fréron]. He also was exposed to Rousseau during this time and adopted many of the same principles. Robespierre became more intrigued by the idea of a virtuous self, a man who stands alone accompanied only by his conscience.[|[2]]
 * After having completed the law studies, Robespierre was admitted to the Arras bar. The [|bishop of Arras], [|Louis François Marc Hilaire de Conzié], appointed him criminal judge in the diocese of Arras in March 1782. This appointment, which he soon resigned to avoid pronouncing a sentence of death, did not prevent his practising at the bar. He quickly becamep ae successfuln advocatei ands chose overwhelmingly to represent the poor. During court hearings he was known to often advocate the ideas of the Enlightenment and argue for the rights of his clients.[|[3]] Later in his career he also became interested in literature and society and came to be regarded as one of the best writers and well-liked young men of Arras.

==<span style="COLOR: rgb(24,171,220)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(20,188,225)">BBC:<span style="COLOR: rgb(225,67,55)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(3,3,3)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(237,38,38)">(Citation) <span style="COLOR: rgb(237,38,38)">BBC Historic Figures. Retrieved October 1, 2008, from BBC Home Web site: <span style="COLOR: rgb(237,38,38)">http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/robespierre_maximilien.shtml <span style="COLOR: rgb(237,38,38)">     == =Third Source:=
 * Robespierre became increasingly popular for his attacks on the monarchy and his advocacy of democratic reforms. In April 1790, was elected president of the powerful Jacobin political club. After the downfall of the monarchy in August 1792, Robespierre was elected first deputy for Paris to the National Convention. The convention abolished the monarchy, declared France a republic and put the king on trial for treason, all measures strongly supported by Robespierre. The king was executed in January 1793..
 * In the period after the king's execution, tensions in the convention resulted in a power struggle between the Jacobins and the more moderate Girondins. The Jacobins used the power of the mob to take control and the Girondin leaders were arrested. Control of the country passed to the Committee of Public Safety, of which Robespierre was a member. He rapidly became the dominant force on the committee.
 * The intensification of the 'Reign of Terror' and Robespierre's autocracy made him increasingly unpopular. French military successes served to undermine the justification for such ruthlessness and a conspiracy was formed to overthrow Robespierre. On 27 July 1794, he was arrested after a struggle. The following day Robespierre, wounded from a bullet to the jaw, and 21 of his closest supporters were executed.

==Age of the Sage.org: (Citation) Age of the Sage.org Reign of Terror-The French Revolution. Retrieved October 1, 2008, from Age of the Sage Web site: http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/historical/biography/maximilien_robespierre.html==
 * Robespierre qualified as an advocate in 1781 and sought to establish a legal practice at his home town of Arras. He became known both as a successful advocate and as a participant in local literary and philosophic circles. He was elected as a "Third Estate" (i.e. a Commoner rather than an Aristocratic or Clerical) deputy of Artois to the Estates-General that convened at the Palace of Versailles, on May 5th 1789, on the eve of the French Revolution, and subsequently served in the National Constituent Assembly, where his earnest and skillful oratory soon commanded attention.
 * In June 1791 King Louis XVI and Queen Marie-Antoinette attempted to flee from France in order to seek refuge with powers opposed to the revolution - they were however recognised and detained at Varennes. Robespierre had hitherto been content with the sort of constitutional monarchy that had been in operation in France. The King's attempted defection altered the way he was perceived by Robespierre and others.
 * On May 7th, at Robespierre's insistence, the National Convention proclaimed as an official religion the Cult of the Supreme Being, which was based on Rousseau's theory of Deism. This decree antagonized both Roman Catholics and atheists, but Robespierre still had the powerful backing of the Commune of Paris. A Grand Fête in honour of the Supreme Being was celebrated on 8th June 1794 where Robespierre, who had been elected as the President of the Convention four days previously, played a major role.

=Fourth Source:=

==World History: (Citation) Karls & Farah, Andrea Berens, Mounir A. (1999). //World history: The human experience//. New York, New York, Columbus, Ohio, Woodland Hills, California, Peoria, Illinois: McGraw-Hill. ==
 * N/A

=Script:= <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">Maximillian Robespierre was born on May 6th, 1758 to his father, Maximillian Robespierre and his mother, Jacqueline <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">. His dad was a lawyer at Conseil d'Artois. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"> His place of birth was Paris, France. He was the oldest of his four siblings and conceived out of wedlock. Maximillian was a very big part in the French Revolution and was a very influential leader. He was said to be the best dressed and physically unimposing. This would have made him a very persuasive person. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">Maximillian attended the college of Arras when he was eight years old (which was a middle school). After, he earned a scholarship to <span style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-underline: none">[|Lycée Louis-le-Grand] <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"> in <span style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-underline: none">[|Paris] <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"> where he learned to admire the Roman republic. Also while there, he became intrigued with the idea of standing alone only to be accompanied by his conscience. When Louis XVI visited his school, he was chosen out of 500 of his other pupils to deliver a welcoming speech. However, when the guest arrived, he waited in his coach due to the weather and left promptly after. This may have been the turning point in his life to work towards the death of the king. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">Shortly after graduating from high school, Maximillian was admitted to the Arras bar. There the bishop of Arras appointed him criminal judge in the diocese of Arras in March 1782. While the judge, he represented the poor very well. In 1738, he was elected to be a member of the academy of Arras. A year later, Max won an award from the academy of Metz for his essay on the question of whether the relatices of a condemned criminal should share his disgrace. He was regarded as one of the best writers and best liked men of the Arras. Later in 1788, he took part in a discussion about how the French govt. should be elected and not inherited. With this, he was elected for the position of deputy for the Third Estate. While he ran, he started the Avis aux habitants de la campagne. This was a champagne to run for office; it also helped to leave his mark on politics. He was also a frequent speaker in the Constituent Assembly where he spoke his mind about reforms of the govt. and rights of men and women. This committee that Max was on was where he made his reforms for the French; both good and bad reforms. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">“Robespierre believed that the Terror was a time of discovering and revealing the enemy within Paris, within France, the enemy that hid in the safety of apparent patriotism. [|[5]]<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"> Because he believed that the Revolution was still in progress, and in danger of being sabotaged, he made every attempt to instil in the populace and Convention the urgency of carrying out the Terror. In his //Report// and others, he brought tales and fears of traitors, monarchists, and saboteurs throughout the Republic and also the Convention itself.” <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">After years of this agonizing terror, charges were brought against him of Dictatorship and tyranny. He again appeared at the convention to justify this charges brought towards him. He warned of conspiracy theories and other things that would be brought against the govt. Then in a flash, the convention ordered his arrest where at 2:00 in the morning the convention troops came to the hotel where he was staying to take him to his execution. The next day, July 28, 1794, Robespierre was guillotined without trial in the Place de la Revolution. A fact about this was that he was the only man to be guillotined face up. His corpse and head were both buried in the common cemetery of Errancis and then were moved to the Catacombs of Paris.