Galilei09

media type="custom" key="4650001"= Script= Galileo was an Italian astronomer and physicist. He was born in the city of Pisa in the year 1564. When he was eight, Galileo's family moved back to Florence, but he himself stayed in Pisa for two more years with Muzio Tedaldi, a relative of his mother. His parents sent him to the Camaldolese Monastery at Vallombrosa, to the southeast of Florence, when he was old enough to go. His father had him return home when Galileo expressed that he wanted to become one of the Camaldolese order, thinking that the eldest son should become a medical doctor. His father later sent him back to Pisa in order to get a medical degree from its university. He found that he liked math more than medicine, and studied it under Filippo Fantoni. Galileo met Ostilio Ricci in 1583, and he was the man who convinced Galileo's father to let him study math. He soon began teaching math, and in 1586, he wrote his first scientific book, //La Balancitta // (The Little Balance.) Galileo soon afterward almost was employed to teach mathematics at the University of Bologna. He became regular correspondents with Clavius and Guidobaldo del Monte. When Fantoni left the chair of mathematics position at the University of Pisa in 1589, Galileo was appointed to the position without a second thought. There he wrote //Du Motu //, though it was never published. In the text there was the new idea of being able to test a theory by conducting experiments. He left his job at Pisa to find a more well-paying one when his father died, as he was the eldest son, it was his responsibility to financially support his family. That is how he ended up at the University of Padua, a job with three times the pay as that of Pisa. Galileo greatly contributed to the world of physics. He was the one who discovered that an object's time of descent was independent of its mass. He discovered this by going to the top of the Tower of Pisa and dropping two of the same object, but they had different masses. Both hit the ground at the same time, so therefore mass of an object is not related to its decent. He also believed that a falling body would fall at a constant rate if not affected by another force (the first being gravity). "A body moving on a level surface will continue in the same direction at a constant speed unless disturbed." The principle was actually incorporated into Newton's first law of motion. Galileo also made great advances in technology, many of which can still be found today. One of his inventions was a geometric and military compass. It made it much easier and safer for the gunners of cannons to put them to an accurate elevation to hit their target. It also made calculations for the amount of gunpowder to weight of cannonball ratio. Galileo discovered the isochronicity of the swing of a pendulum, which was later applied to the making of clocks. He also was the one who created the first thermometer. Because of his criticisms of Aristotle at the early part of his life, he was always "embroiled in controversy" in the academic setting. His answer to the creation of the telescope was to make the first one that could see the surface of the moon, the phases of Venus and Mars, sunspots, previously unseen fixed stars, and four moons of Jupiter. Galileo was one of the first people to actually think something of the dark spots that would appear on the sun. When he looked at it, though he was flirting with severe eye damage, he discovered that the spots were not always in the same locations on the sun. He found that it took about fifteen days for the spots to go from the westernmost edge to the easternmost edge of the sun. This was why Galileo made the observations that the sun was changeable and that the sun rotated. He described these observations in //Siderius nuncius // (The Starry Messenger) and saw them as favoring Copernicus. The church told him that if held onto or defended Copernican beliefs, after he said that sunspots revealed the rotation of the sun, that his views would be considered heretical. He paid little attention to them and spent his final two years under house arrest for his paper //Dialogo sopra i due massime sistemi del mondo // (Dialogue of the Two Chief systems of the World), which he completed in 1632. His last major work, which was on the "two new sciences”, was printed in Holland. He died in 1642.

=Notes= =Galileo Galilei=

"Galilei, Galileo (1564-1642)." __Who's Who in Europe 1450-1750.__ London: Routledge, 2000. __History Study Center__. ProQuest LLC. 14 Sept. 2009 .

Galileo was an Italian astronomer and physicist. He was born in the city of Pisa in the year 1564. In 1589, at the age of 25, he became a professor of mathematics. He moved briefly to Florence, but soon moved to a position on Padua. In 1610, he moved back to Florence to be a philospher and mathematician to the Grand duke of the city. Even before he bacame a professor in Pisa, Galileo had discovered the isochronicity of the swing of a pendulum, which was later applied to the making of clocks. He also was the one who created the first thermometer. Because of his criticims of Aristotle at the early part of his life, he was always "embroiled in controversy" in the academic setting. His answer to the creation of the telescope was to make the first one that could seethe surface of the moon, the phases of Venus and Mars, sunspots, previously unseen fixed stars, and four satellites of Jupiter. He described these observations in //Siderius nuncius// (The Sarry Messenger) and saw them as favoring Copurnicus. The church told him that if held onto or defended Copurican beliefs, after he said that sunspots revealed the rotation of the sun, that his views would be considered heretical. He paid little attention to them and spent his final two years under hose arrest for his paper //Dialogo sopra i due massime sistemi del mondo// (Dialouge of the Two Chief systems of the World), which he completed in 1632. His last major work, which was on the "two new scinces" was printed in Holland. He died in 1642.

O'Connor JJ (2002). Galileo Galilei. Retrieved (2009, 9 15) from http://www.gap-system.org/~history/Biographies/Galileo.html

Galileo's parents were Vincenzo Galilei and Guilia Galilei. His father played the lute and was a music teacher. He did experiments on strings to support his many musical theories once he completed studying music in Venice. His parents married in 1563 and moved to Pisa to live there. Galileo was the couple's first child. When he was eight, Galileo's family moved back to Florence, but he himself stayed in Pisa for two more years with Muzio Tedaldi, a relative of his mother by marriage. His parents sent him to the Camaldolese Monastery at Vallombrosa, to the southeast of Floence, when he was lod enough to go. His father had him return home when Galileo expressed that he wanted too become one of the Camaldolese order, thinking that the eldest son should become a medical doctor. His father later sent him back to Pisa in order to get a medical degree from its university. He found that he liked math more than medicine, and studied it under Filippo Fantoni. Galileo met Ostilio Ricci in 1583, and he was the man who convinced Galileo's father to let him study math. He soon began teaching math, and in 1586, he wrote his first scientific book, //La Balancitta// (The Little Balance.) Galileo soon afterward almost was employed to teach mathematics at the University of Bologna. He became regular correspondents with Clavius and Guidobaldo del Monte. When Fantoni left the chair of mathematics position at the University of Pisa in 1589, Galileo was appointed to the position without a second thought. His recommendation from Clavius and his reputation from his lectures in Florence certainly helped him secure this great job. There he wrote //Du Motu//, though it was never published. In the text there was the new idea of being able to test a theory by conducting experiments. He left his job at Pisa to find a more well-paying one when his father died, as he was the eldest son, it was his responsibility to financially support his family. That is how he ended up at the University of Padua, a job with three times the pay as that of Pisa.

Maran, Stephen P., & Marschall, Laurence A. (2009). //Galilieo's new universe//. Dallas,TX: Benbella Books, Inc..

Galileo was one of the first people to actually think something of the dark spots thath would appear on the sun. When he looked at it, though he was flirting with severe eye damage, he discovered that the spots were not always in the same locations on the sun. He found that it took about fifteen days for the spots to go from the westernmost edge to the easternmost edge of the sun. This was why Galileo made the observations that the sun was changable and that the sun rotated.

(2009, September 23). //Galileo galilei//. Retrieved from []

Galileo made great advances in technology, many of which can still be found today. One of his inventions was a geometric an military compass. It made it much easier and safer for the gunners of cannons to put them to an accurate elevation to hit their target. It also made calculations for the amount of gunpowder to weight of cannonball ratio. In 1593, Galileo also made a thermometer. Galileo was also one of the first people to usea refracting telescope to observe the sky and all that was in it. By 1624, he had successfully created a compound microscope. In the last year of his life, while completely blind, he created an escapement mechanism for the pendulum clock. Galileo also contributed to the world of physics. He was the one who discovered that an object's time of descent was independant of its mass. He discovered this by goind to the top of the Tower of Pisa and dropping two of the same object, but they had different masses. Both hit the ground at the same time, so therefore mass of an object is not related to its decent. He also believed that a falling body would fall at a constant rate if not affected by another force (the first being gravity). "Abody moving on a level surface will continue in the same direction at a contant speed unless disturbed." The principle was actually incorperated into Newton's first law of motion.