Santi09

 media type="custom" key="4693345" =Script: = Raphael Santi or Raphaello Sanzio, was one of the most influential prodigies of his time. Icluded with the three giants, historians admire his work for its clarity, its perfect composition, its human beauty, soft chiaroscuro, and simplified colors. He was best known for his Madonna, depictions of Mary, the mother of Jesus, and for large figure compositions.

Born in the small, but artistically significant Central Italian city of Umbrno in the Marche region, his father, Giovanni Santi, was court painter to the Duke, and his mother, Magia de Ciaria, died eight years after Raphael's birth. His father was also a minor painter working in the Umbrian School or style of the time. In fact, Raphael was also born on a Good Friday, which in 1483 fell on March 28. This would mean that while Raphael was born and died on Good Friday, he was actually older than 37 on the 1520, Good Friday, which fell on April 6.

When he was just 17 his father sent him to Perugia to the great Umbrian master Pietro Perugino. However, from 1500 to 1504 he would paint the Marriage of the Virgin, painted for the chapel of Saint Joseph in the church of San Francesco in Citta di Castello, south east of Florence. In 1504 he was also associated with Bernardino Pinturicchio, an Italian painter of the Umbrian School. It was then that Pope Julius II, called him to Rome. Julius II entrusted him with the frescoes for one of the papal rooms in the Vatican, the stanza della Segnatura, finished 1511. The two largest walls in the Vatican represent the School of Athens//,// a perspective painting, portraying the Greek philosophers, and the Triumph of Religion, also called Disput B. On the vault are The Flaying of Marsyas and The Temptation of Eve. The ceiling is devoted to the allegorical figures Law, Philosophy, Poetry, and Theology. He additionally painted the Madonna of the Meadows in 1505, an oil on panel; scholars know the date because of the inscription on the edge of the Virgin’s dress.

Having been named successor to Bramante as chief architect of the Vatican in 1514, Raphael also designed a number of churches, palaces, and mansions. In 1518, for his patron, Leo X, he undertook a survey of ancient Rome showing the chief monuments. He also designed ten tapestries with themes from the Acts of the Apostles for the Sistine Chapel; seven of the designs are in the Victoria and Albert Museum. Raphael was deeply obliged to the sculpture of antiquity for his mythological and biblical figures, and in his interpretation of classical art, he achieved a harmony and monumentality emulated far into the 19th cent. During his last years he also produced his most memorable portraits, including those of Baldassare Castiglione; the mysterious Dona Velata; and Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de' Medici and Luigi de' Rossi.

Unfortunately, his marvelous work was short lived, dying of a fevor in 1520. His funeral mass was held at the Vatican. At length, Raphael was to paint a cycle of frescoes in the Vatican papal apartments, collectively called the stanze, the area in which Julius lived and worked. Historians conclude that Raphael’s most important commission were the four walls of the Stanza della Segnatura.

Research: Raffaello (Raphael) Santi, Sanzio) (April 6 or March 28, 1483 – April 6, 1520)

Early life:
· Born in the small, but artistically significant Central Italian city of [|Urbino] in the [|Marche] region, where his father, [|Giovanni Santi], was court painter to the Duke. - Son of Giovanni Santi and Magia de Battista Ciaria, (mother dies 8 yrs after his birth). Father was a minor painter working in the Umbrian School or style of the time. · Raphael was also born on a Good Friday, which in 1483 fell on March 28. This would mean that while Raphael was born and died on Good Friday, he was actually older than 37 on the 1520, Good Friday which fell on April 6.

Greatest Accomplishments:
//__Marriage of the Virgin: __// painted for the chapel of Saint Joseph in the church of San Francesco in Citta di Castello, south east of Florence. //__Madonna of the Meadows __//: (1505), an oil on panel; scholars know the date because of the inscription on the edge of the Virgin’s dress. (Early in his career) //__School of Athens: __// perspective located in the Vatican in Rome in the Stanza della Segnatura; portraying the Greek philosophers, and the //Triumph of Religion,// also called //Disputà.// //__Marriage of the Virgin __//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">- painted b/w 1500-1504. In 1504 he was associated with the Italian painter of the Umbrian School, Bernardino Pinturicchio. Giuliano della Rovere, or Pope Julius II, called him to Rome. Julius II entrusted him with the frescoes for one of the papal rooms in the Vatican, the stanza della Segnatura.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Best known for his Madonna, depictions of Mary, the mother of Jesus, and for large figure compositions. Historians admire his work for its clarity, its perfect composition, its human beauty, soft chiaroscuro, and simplified colors.

= =
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Having been named (1514) successor to Bramante as chief architect of the Vatican, Raphael also designed a number of churches, palaces, and mansions.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">For his patron, Leo X, he undertook (1518) a survey of ancient Rome showing the chief monuments. He also designed ten tapestries with themes from the Acts of the Apostles for the Sistine Chapel; seven of the designs are in the Victoria and Albert Museum. Raphael was deeply obliged to the sculpture of antiquity for his mythological and biblical figures, and in his interpretation of classical art, he achieved a harmony and monumentality emulated far into the 19th cent.

Other important facts:
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">At Rome his style matured, benefiting from Michelangelo's influence.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In the Vatican, Raphael was wholly responsible for the Stanza della Segnatura (finished 1511); the two largest walls represent, respectively, the //School of Athens,// portraying the Greek philosophers, and the //Triumph of Religion,// also called //Disputà.// On the vault are //The Flaying of Marsyas// and //The Temptation of Eve.// The ceiling is devoted to the allegorical figures //Law, Philosophy, Poetry,// and //Theology.//
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">When he was 17 his father sent him to Perugia to the great Umbrian master Pietro Perugino.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Raphael's <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> other Roman clients included the papal banker, Agostino Chigi, whose mausoleum in Santa Maria del Popolo he designed (//c//.1513), and for whom he also painted the //Galatea// (Villa Farnesina) built by his patron to honor his favorite mistress. Cardinal Giulio de' Medici commissioned the //Transfiguration// (which, however, was hung above the artist's own tomb in the Pantheon when he died). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Youngest of the 3 giants (Leonardo, Michelangelo)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Historians conclude that Raphael’s most important commission was the four walls of the Stanza della Segnatura.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Many of his works are found in the [|Apostolic] [|Palace] of The [|Vatican], where the frescoed [|Raphael] [|Rooms] were the central, and the largest, work of his career.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Outside Rome his work was mostly known from his collaborative [|printmaking].
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">when he died on Good Friday in 1520 it was widely rumored that he had been in line for a cardinal's hat (others said a cardinal's niece), and various of his altarpieces were declared to have miraculous powers <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">At length, Raphael was to paint a cycle of frescoes in the Vatican papal apartments, collectively called the stanze, the area in which Julius lived and worked.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">During his last years he also produced his most memorable portraits, including those of Baldassare Castiglione; the mysterious //Dona Velata//; and //Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de' Medici and Luigi de' Rossi//. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Worked in Rome till his death in 1520.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Died of fever, funeral mass was celebrated at the Vatican.

Karls, F.K. (1999). //World history the human experience//. Columbus, OH: Glencoe/McGraw Hill. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Kamen, H.K. (2000). //Who's who in europe 1450-1750//. Retrieved from http://www.historystudycenter.com [|http://www.encyclopedia.com]
 * The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ( **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2008)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">en.wikipedia.org <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">/wiki/ Raphael _ Santi <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">