Cromwell09

media type="custom" key="4655993"​ Oliver Cromwell Script
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Oliver Cromwell, born in 1599, is best known for turning England into a Republic Commonwealth and for becoming the Lord Protectorate of England, Scotland, and Ireland. In 1620, Cromwell married Elizabeth, the daughter of the city merchant Sir John Bourchier. In 1636 increased wealth by inheritance from an uncle the farm of the cathedral tithes at Ely, where he went to live. Cromwell made an independent style of Puritanism a core belief of his life. Cromwell was elected a Member of Parliament for Cambridge in the Short (1640) and Long (1640-49) Parliaments. Cromwell later entered the English civil war on the side of the "Roundheads" or Parliamentarians. While in the army he started out by leading a small Calvary troop to leading the entire army. He was a member of the Rump parliament and on April 20, 1653 he dismissed the Rump Parliament by force, and quickly joined an assembly known as the Barebones Parliament. The Barebones Parliament was designed to find a constitutional and religious settlement in the war. Cromwell was sworn in as Lord Protectorate of England, Ireland and Scotland on the 16 December 1653, with a ceremony in which he wore plain black clothing. A Lord Protectorate is a title used in British constitutional law for certain heads of states at different periods of history. This was a title in which Cromwell would serve out until his death. As ruler his first three roles were to establish and exploit the prestige of England, to protect and fulfil the hopes of the godly, and to found his Republican government upon consent instead of force. During his rule he had some controversial decisions such as the near genocide in Ireland of Catholics, even though Cromwell was known for some religious tolerance. Cromwell never took full responsibility for his actions in Ireland. Also Cromwell aimed to restore liberty of conscience and promote both outward and inly godliness throughout England. One big point in his success as Lord Protectorate was his allowing of Jews back to England in 1657, after 350 years of banishment. He hoped allowing Jews back into England would speed up the economy after the civil war. He died at Whitehall on Friday 3 September 1658, the anniversary of victories at Dunbar and Worchester during the civil war. The most likely cause of Cromwell's death was septicaemia following his urinary infection. He was buried with great ceremony, with an elaborate funeral based on that of James I, at Westminster Abbey. In 1661, Oliver Cromwell's body was exhumed from Westminster Abbey, and was subjected to the ritual of a pothumus execution, which is the ceremonial mutilation of an already dead body. His body was hung in chains at Tyburn. Then his body was thrown into a pit, while his severed head was displayed on a pole outside Westminster Hall until 1685. Afterwards the head was moved around several times, then it was sold in 1814 to a man named Josiah Henry Wilkinson, before eventually being buried in the grounds of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, in 1960 == == **__NOTES__**
 * **__​Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)__**
 * defended the rights of commoners against the Earl of Bedford's syndicate who were draining the Fens round Ely
 * 1620 married Elizabeth, the daughter of the city merchant Sir John Bourchier
 * 1636 increased wealth by inheritance from an uncle the farm of the cathedral tithes at Ely, where he went to live
 * Independent Religious Views
 * Religious tolerance
 * Three objectives when ruling: 1)to establish and exploit the prestige of England,2) to protect and fulfil the hopes of the godly, 3)and to found his Republican government upon consent instead of force.
 * 1) “Cromwell, Oliver (1599-1658).” __Who's Who in Stuart Britain__, 1988 ed.
 * Transformed England into a Republican Commonwealth and was Lord Protector of England, Scottland and Ireland
 * Near genocidal against Irish Catholics
 * Ended Englands Rump Parliament and created the Barebone's Parliament (assembly designed to find a constitutional and religious settlement)
 * Cromwell declined an invite to the Barebone Parliament
 * Instrument of Government- made Cromwell Lord Protector for life to undertake “the chief magistracy and the administration of government”.
 * Sworn in 16 December 1653, with a ceremony in which he wore plain black clothing
 * Two main priorities: The first was "healing and settling" the nation after the chaos of the civil wars and the regicide, which meant establishing a stable form for the new government to take. Second: Small-scale reform such as that carried out on the [|judicial system] were outweighed by attempts to restore order to English politics. Direct taxation was reduced slightly and peace was made with the [|Dutch], ending the [|First Anglo-Dutch War].
 * 1) Oliver Cromwell. (2009, September 24). In //Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia//. Retrieved 17:52, September 24, 2009, from []
 * Grew up in Huntingdon, which he became a member of Parliament in 1628
 * dressed in dirty scruffy clothes
 * became a Puritan in 1634
 * cracked down on what he regarded as frivilous pleasures that offended his work ethic
 * no military experience, proved highly effective as general due to common sense and determination
 * 1) Nicholas Hobbes . (2006). Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658). //England 1,000 things you need to know//. London, Great Britain: Atlantic Books.


 * Military campaign:imprisoned or shot mutineers, crushed Irish, routed the Scots at Dunbar and Worcester, secured colonies, wrestled Jamaica from Spain, and defeated the Dutch to make England mistress of the seas
 * high measure of religious toleration
 * after he expelled the Rump Parliament, military dictatorship
 * 1) F.E. Halliday . (1964). Cromwell and a United commonwealth. //A Concise history of England from stonhenge to the atomic age//. New York City, New York: Viking Press, Inc..