Soc7

media type="custom" key="3462652"Video:

Screenplay: The video will highlight many things, for example, the definitions of socialism, different ideas of socialism, different people involved in socalism, and more. The video will also give a timeline regarding the evolution of socialism, as well as how socialism has affected different countries in positive and negative ways. Our screenplay will also include music regarding socialism and President Obama. We will talk about all the different types of socialism and make it informative and fun. The timeline will talk about how it will change throughout the years and different effects on different people. We will also include some of the major contributors to socialism, and how they went about doing so. Also, we will say who are some modern advocates of socialism, and some of the modern-day socialist countries.

Research: According to ninteenth century liberal John Stuart Mill socialism is defined as "any system which requires that the land and the instruments of production should be the property, not of individuals, but of communities, or associations, or of the government"
 * One of the features of the Enlightenment was the exaltation of property rights to the status of a bulwark of liberty by philosophers such as John Locke
 * Power had always been accompanied by property in 19th century Europe
 * The industrializtion of Europe led to the irrelevance of aristocracy
 * The term socialism was thought to be a very exceedingly weak term when first being used to talk about a wide variety of political and economic beliefs
 * It was believed that property was to be shared by the common and not for the wealthy to sell to the common people
 * The thought of the rich owning most of the land was highly rejected
 * Socialism is closely related to communism which Mill defines as a "scheme which implies absolute equality in the distribution of the physical means of production"

•Socialism" is an exceedingly fuzzy term which has been used to label an extraordinarily wide array of political and economic beliefs. Its definition is further obscured by the tendency of its enemies to label any idea with which they disagree "socialist." But generally socialists advocate a democratically controlled economy run for the benefit of all. The unfettered competition of capitalists is replaced by cooperation and the business cycle by planned stability. Often they believe--like the early Christians--that property should be shared in common, and private ownership of industry and land abolished. "Introduction to 19-th Century Socialism." 10 Feb 2009 < [|http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/hum_303/socialism.html]>.

On the Catholic side, the //[|Rerum Novarum]// encyclical letter of [|Leo XIII] (1891) was the starting point of a Teaching on social questions that was expanded and updated all through the 20th century. Though avoiding the word //Socialism// (as the Socialist movements of the day were anti-religious) the [|encyclical] promotes a kind of [|corporatism] based on [|social solidarity] among the classes with respects for the needs and rights of all. In the more Catholic countries of [|Europe] the encyclical's teaching was the inspiration that led to the formation of new [|Christian-inspired Socialist parties]. A number of Christian socialist movements and political parties throughout the world group themselves into the [|International League of Religious Socialists]. It has member organizations in 21 countries representing 200,000 members. Christian socialists draw parallels between what some have characterized as the [|egalitarian] and anti-establishment message of [|Jesus], who – according to Christian [|Gospel] – spoke against the religious authorities of his time, and the egalitarian, anti-establishment, and sometimes [|anti-clerical] message of most contemporary socialisms. Some Christian Socialists have gone as far as to become active [|Communists] //(see [|Christian communism])//. This phenomenon was most common among Christian [|missionaries] in [|China], the most notable being [|James Gareth Endicott], who became supportive of the struggle of the [|Communist Party of China] in the 1930s and 1940s. Christian socialism is not to be confused with certain parties with "Christian Social" in their names which are found in the [|German]-speaking world, such as the contemporary [|Christian Social Union in Bavaria] or the [|Christian Social Party] in [|Austria-Hungary] circa 1900. Such parties do not claim to be socialist, nor are they considered socialist by others. The term [|Christian Democrat] is more appropriately applied to the contemporary parties.
 * Christian socialism** generally refers to those on the [|Christian left] whose politics are both [|Christian] and [|socialist] and who see these two philosophies as being interrelated. This category can include [|Liberation theology] and the doctrine of the [|social gospel]. The term "Christian Socialism" is used in this sense by organizations such as the [|Christian Socialist Movement] (CSM). The term also pertains to such earlier figures as the nineteenth century writers [|Frederick Denison Maurice] (//The Kingdom of Christ//, 1838), [|Charles Kingsley] (//Water-Babies//, 1863), [|Thomas Hughes] (//Tom Brown's Schooldays//, 1857), [|Frederick James Furnivall] (co-creator of the //[|Oxford English Dictionary]//), [|Adin Ballou] (//Practical Christian Socialism//, 1854), and [|Francis Bellamy] (a Baptist minister and the author of the United States' [|Pledge of Allegiance]).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_socialism  -Socialism is an ideology whose defining condition is ownership of the means of production by the government or by a collective. -Since private owners of the means of production (capitalists) exploited the workers, the way to end the exploitation was to take ownership from the capitalists and put it in the hands of the government. -Was extremely evident in factory system of 19th century -number of "utopian socialists" whose ideas were either never realized or involved only limited communities which failed to last. Among these were Saint Simon whose concern for workers was an outgrowth of a sense of Christian brotherhood; Robert Owen, a Scottish industrialist who provided a "model" community for his workers at New Lanark, Scotland and later founded a utopian community called New Harmony, Indiana; and Louis Blanc who developed the idea of "social workshops" where the workers shared in the ownership of the workshop and made the management decisions. -"scientific socialism" or Marxism, which Karl Marx developed in a more rigorous way as a system which, he said, was evolving from historical circumstances, rooted in a class struggle made inevitable by economic developments. Socialism and Marxism. Retrieved February 11, 2009, Web site: http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/westn/socialism.html

-According to Martin Burber, "the goal of Utopian socialism... to substitute society for state to the greatest degree possible" -the founders of Utopian socialism were Henri de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, and Robert Owen - Harrington, Michael (1989). //Socialism: Past & Future//. New York: Arcade Publishing, Inc.

Socialism - any of various economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods; a system of society or group living in which there is no private property b **:** a system or condition of society in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state; a stage of society in Marxist theory transitional between capitalism and communism and distinguished by unequal distribution of goods and pay according to work done. Origins: The English word //socialism// (1839) derives from the French //socialisme// (1832), the mainstream introduction of which usage is attributed, in France, to Pierre Leroux and to Marie Roch Louis Reybaud and in Britain to Robert Owen in 1827, father of the cooperative movement. Western European social critics were the first, modern socialists – Robert Owen, Charles Fourier, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Louis Blanc, Charles Hall and Saint-Simon, who criticised the excessive poverty and inequality consequence of the Industrial Revolution, and advocated reform via the egalitarian distribution of wealth and the transformation of society to small communities //without// private property. Saint-Simon delineated //collectivist// principles reorganizing society to so build socialism upon planned, utopian communities. Linguistically, the contemporary connotation of the words //socialism// and //communism// accorded with the adherents' and opponents' cultural attitude towards Religion. In Christian Europe, of the two, //communism// was believed the atheist way of life. In Protestant England, //communism// was too culturally and aurally close to the Papist Roman Catholic communion rite, hence English atheists denoted themselves //socialists//. In 1847, Frederick Engels said "socialism was respectable on the continent, while communism was not." The Owenites in England and the Fourierists in France were considered socialists, while working-class movements that "proclaimed the necessity of total social change" denoted themselves //Communists//. This latter branch of socialism, was powerful enough to produce the communisms of Étienne Cabet, in France, and Wilhelm Weitling, in Germany.

The **history of socialism** finds its origins in the French Revolution of 1789 and the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution, although it has precedents in earlier movements and ideas. Like the concept of capitalism, it embraces a wide range of views. The term 'socialism' is variously attributed to Pierre Leroux in 1834, who called socialism "the doctrine which would not give up any of the principles of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" of the French Revolution of 1789 or to Marie Roch Louis Reybaud in France, or else in England to Robert Owen, who is considered the father of the cooperative movement. Most socialists of that period opposed the dislocations brought by the Industrial Revolution. They criticized what they conceived to be the injustice, inequalities and suffering which the Industrial Revolution brought into being and the //laissez faire// free market on which it rested.

Socialists mainly share the belief that capitalism unfairly concentrates power and wealth among a small segment of society that controls capital, creates an unequal society, and does not provide equal opportunities for everyone in society. Therefore socialists advocate the creation of a society in which wealth and power are distributed more evenly based on the amount of work expended, although there is considerable disagreement among socialists over how, and to what extent this could be achieved. Socialism is not a concrete philosophy of fixed doctrine and program; its branches advocate a degree of social interventionism and economic rationalization, sometimes opposing each other. Another dividing feature of the socialist movement is the split between reformists and the revolutionaries on how a socialist economy should be established. Some socialists advocate complete nationalization of the means of production, distribution, and exchange; others advocate state control of capital within the framework of a market economy. Socialists inspired by the Soviet model of economic development have advocated the creation of centrally planned economies directed by a state that owns all the means of production. Others, including Yugoslavian, Hungarian, Polish and Chinese Communists in the 1970s and 1980s, instituted various forms of market socialism, combining co-operative and state ownership models with the free market exchange and free price system (but not prices for the means of production). Social democrats propose selective nationalization of key national industries in mixed economies and tax-funded welfare programs and the regulation of markets. Libertarian socialism (including social anarchism and libertarian Marxism) rejects state control and ownership of the economy altogether and advocates direct collective ownership of the means of production via co-operative workers' councils and workplace democracy.
 * Socialism** refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating public or state ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods, and a society characterized by equal opportunities for all individuals, with a fair or egalitarian method of compensation. Modern socialism originated in the late 19th-century working class political movement, and in an intellectual movement that criticized the effects of industrialization and private ownership on society. Karl Marx posited that socialism would be achieved via class struggle and a proletarian revolution, and would represent a transitional stage between capitalism and communism.
 * The first socialists were termed utopian socialists by later socialist thinkers, and include Robert Owen, who tried to found socialist factories and other structures within a capitalist society and Henri de Saint Simon, the first individual to coin the term "socialism" and the originator of technocracy and industrial planning. The first socialists predicted a world improved by harnessing technology and combining it with better social organization, and many contemporary socialists share this belief.
 * Later in the 19th century, Marxist socialism became more dominant.
 * Democratic socialism is socialism by democratic means.
 * Arab Socialism and African socialism are also notable forms of socialism.
 * There is disagreement over the extent that National Socialism is socialist; although Adolf Hitler's party program included socialist elements, the Nazis did not socialize industry, just created a collectivist and highly state-regulated welfare state.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_socialism   · Utopian Socialism o Socialists of the early 19th century did not have a coherent ideology, but different ideas put forth. o Common to most were the ideas of the abolition of private property (either owned by the state of by groups of workers.  o  And the need to educate workers to cooperate as apposed to compete.  ·  Louis Blanc  o  Published //The Organization of Work// (1840) calling for universal manhood suffrage and the creation of a workers party.  o  The worker’s would eventually control the government and establish socialist workshops, pushing private industries out of business. ·  Robert Owen  o  Textile entrepreneur who advocated socialist ideas.  o  Put workers rights and wages into action at New Lanark, Scotland.  o  Began socialist New Harmony community in Indiana in 1826.  o  New Harmony failed and he returned to England > Karl Marx: > ·  Son of an attorney in western Germany > ·  Received his doctorate in philosophy in 1842. > ·  His radical views denied him a place at the conservative universities in Prussia. > · In 1844, he moved to Paris and began working with Friedrich Engels. > > Mr. Folmer's powerpoint.