Andreas+Vesalius

media type="file" key="andreas vesalius.mp3"Kyle Stiller

[|andreas vesalius.mp3] (2008, September 28). Vesalius. Retrieved September 29, 2008, from Wikipedia Web site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesalius **Andreas Vesalius** ( Brussels, December 31 , 1514 - Zakynthos , October 15 , 1564 ) was an anatomist , physician , and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy , //De humani corporis fabrica// (//On the Workings of the Human Body//). Vesalius is often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy. Vesalius is the latinized form of **Andreas van Wesel**. He is sometimes also referred to as **Andreas Vesal**. Vesalius was born in Brussels, then in the Habsburg Netherlands , to a family of physicians. His great-grandfather, Jan van Wesel, probably born in Wesel, received his medical degree from the University of Pavia and taught medicine in 1428 at the then newly founded University of Leuven. His grandfather, Everard van Wesel, was the Royal Physician of Emperor Maximilian, while his father, Andries van Wesel, went on to serve as apothecary to Maximillian, and later a valet de chambre to his successor Charles V. Andries encouraged his son to continue in the family tradition, and enrolled him in the Brethren of the Common Life in Brussels to learn Greek and Latin according to standards of the era. In 1528 Vesalius entered the University of Louvain (//Pedagogium Castrensis//) taking arts, but when his father was appointed as the Valet de Chambre in 1532, he decided to pursue a career in medicine at the University of Paris, where he moved in 1533. Here he studied the theories of Galen under the auspices of Jacques Dubois (Jacobus Sylvius) and Jean Fernel. It was during this time that he developed his interest in anatomy, and was often found examining bones at the Cemetery of the Innocents. He was forced to leave Paris in 1536 due to the opening of hostilities between the Holy Roman Empire and France, and returned to Leuven. Here he completed his studies under Johannes Winter von Andernach and graduated the next year. His thesis, //Paraphrasis in nonum librum Rhazae medici arabis clariss ad regem Almansorum de affectum singularum corporis partium curatione//, was a commentary on the ninth book of Rhazes. He remained at Leuven only briefly before leaving after a dispute with his professor. After settling briefly in Venice in 1536, he moved to the University of Padua (//Universitas aristarum//) to study for his doctorate, which he received in 1537. On graduation he was immediately offered the chair of Surgery and Anatomy (//explicator chirurgiae//) at Padua. He also guest lectured at Bologna and Pisa. Previously these topics had been taught primarily from reading classic texts, mainly Galen, followed by an animal dissection by a barber-surgeon whose work was directed by the lecturer. No attempt was made to actually check Galen's claims; these were considered unassailable. Vesalius, on the other hand, carried out dissection as the primary teaching tool, handling the actual work himself while his students clustered around the table. Hands-on direct observation was considered the only reliable resource, a huge break with medieval practice. - DuLong, R Andreas vesalius. Retrieved September 29, 2008, Web site: http://oz.plymouth.edu/~biology/history/vesalius.html Andreas Vesalius (1514-64) was a Belgian anatomist and physician whose dissections of the human body and descriptions of his finding helped to correct misconceptions prevailing since ancient times. Vesalius was born in Brussels and attended the University of Louvain and later the University of Paris, where he studied from 1533 to 1536. At Paris he studied medicine and developed an interset in anatomy. With further study at the University of Padua in 1537 Vesalius obtained his medical degree and a job as a lecturer on surgery. During his research Vesalius showed that the anatomical teachings of Galen, revered in medical schools, was based upon the dissections of animals even though they were meant as a guide to the human body. Vesalius wrote the revolutionary texts, De Humani Corporis Fabrica, which were seven volumes on the structure of the human body. The volumes were completely illustrated with fine engravings based on his own drawings. These were the most accurate and comprehensive anatomical texts to date and led to his appointment as physician to Holy Roman emporer Charles V. After Charles V resigned his son, Philip II, appointed Vesalius to his staff of physicians in 1559. After several years at the imperial court in Madrid, Vesalius made a voyage to the Holy Land. On the voyage home in 1564, he died in a shipwreck off of the island of Zacynthus. -Jaki, S (1973). //Encyclopedia of World Biography//. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill. ·  Son of Andries van Wesele and his wife, Isabel Crabbe ·  His great grandfather, Johannes Wesalia, was the head of the medical school at the University of Louvain, where Vesalius started his medical studies in 1530 ·  In 1533 Vesalius transferred to the medical school of the University of Paris ·  Founded modern anatomy ·  His major work, “De humani corporis fabrica,” is a milestone in scientific progress ·  At the University of Padua, Vesalius passed his doctoral examination with such honors in December 1537 that he was immediately appointed professor of surgery and anatomy ·  In 1538 he published six sheets of his anatomical drawings under the title //Tabulae anatomicae sex// ·  In 1539 there followed his essay on bloodletting in which he first described the veins that draw blood from the side of the torso. This opened the way to the study of the venous valves and led ultimately to the discovery of the circulation of blood by William Harvey. - Weisstein, E (1996). Vesalius. Retrieved September 30, 2008, from Wolfram Research Web site: http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Vesalius.html Flemish anatomist who founded the sixteenth century heritage of careful observation characterized by "refinement of observation." Vesalius changed the organization of the medical school classroom, bringing the students close to the operating table. He demonstrated that, in many instances, Galen  and  Mondino de' Luzzi  were incorrect (the heart, for instance, has four chambers). He conducted his own dissections, and worked from the outside in so as not to damage the cadaver while cutting into it. Vesalius also wrote the first anatomically accurate medical textbook, //De Humani Corporis Fabrica// (1543), which was complete with precise illustrations. Vesalius's careful observation, emphasis on the active participation of medical students in dissection lectures, and anatomically accurate textbooks revolutionized the practice of medicine. Through Vesalius's efforts, medicine was now on the road to its modern implementation, although major modifications and leaps of understanding were, of course, necessary to make its practice actually safe for the patient.
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 * Andreas Vesalius was a **Flemish anatomist, **physician, revolutionary author, who **founded the sixteenth century heritage of careful observation characterized by "refinement of observation." He **was born in Brussels, Belgium on December 31, 1514 to parents, Andries van Wesel and Isabel Crabbe. His great grandfather was Jan van Wesel, the head of the medical school at the University of Louvain. The name Vesalius is the Latinized form of van Wesel. He began attending the University of Louvain in 1528, where he focused his studies on classes in the arts. In 1532, when his father was appointed as the Valet de Chambre, Andreas chose to follow in his family’s footsteps and study medicine. Shortly after making that decision, he moved to Paris; and in 1533 he studied the theories of Galen at the University of Paris He continued his studies there until 1536. During these years, his interest in anatomy developed and evolved, and Vesalius frequently examined bones at the Cemetery of the Innocents. **
 * In 1537, he moved to Venice where he furthered his studies at the University of Padua and received his medical degree. Andreas obtained such high marks on his doctoral examination that he was appointed professor of surgery and anatomy. He also spent time guest lecturing in Bologna and Pisa. In 1538 Vesalius published six sheets of anatomical drawings that he completed entitled //Tabulae anatomicae sex//. Furthermore, he published an essay on bloodletting in 1539. In this essay Andreas described the veins that draw blood from the side of the torso. His essay opened the way for the study of the venous valves, which ultimately led to William Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of blood. Vesalius’ altered the organization of medical school classrooms entirely. He insisted on active participation of medical students and, therefore, brought them close to the operating table. Andreas showed how many previous ideas about anatomy established by Galen and Mondino de’ Luzzi were incorrect. For example, one theory he disproved was that the heart has four chambers. Vesalius’ conducted many dissections, being careful to dissect from the outside of the cadaver so as to not damage it.  **
 * In 1543, he wrote the first anatomically accurate medical texts, //De Humani Corporis Fabrica//, seven volumes on the structure of the human body. These volumes contained detailed, exact illustrations based on Vesalius’ own drawings. This led to the Holy Roman emperor Charles V appointing him as physician. Vesalius also served on Charles V’s son Philip II’s staff of physicians in 1559. He continued serving for several years at the Imperial Court in Madrid. After a voyage to the Holy Land, Andreas Vesalius died as the result of a shipwreck off the island of Zacynthus while headed home in 1564. **
 * Andreas Vesalius is considered to the founder of modern human anatomy. His dedicated work dissecting the human body and describing his findings cleared up many misconceptions that had existed since ancient times. Through Vesalius’ careful observations, dedicated teaching, and revolutionary textbooks; knowledge of anatomy and medicine itself were modernized. **